(Battery and its Maintenance)
Q.1. Tell about the precautions while handling the battery.(बैटरी को संभालते समय ली जाने वाली सावधानियाँ बताएं)
Ans.
यदि यह आपकी आँखों में गिर जाता है तो इसे पूरी तरह से साफ पानी से धोकर medical attention ysaA Baking Soda dks
ikuh esa feyk dj iz;ksx djus ls acid dks neutralize
djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
(ii) tc vki battery
ls connection cuk
jgsa gks rks polarity tkaprs le; lko/kkuh j[ksa
fd positive ls positive vkSj negative ls negative rjQ gksA
(iii) Battery cable dks
disconnect djrs le; ges'kk negative
cable dks igys disconnect djsa
vkSj connect djrs le; negative cable ckn esa connect djsaA
(iv) Battery ds ut+nhd
fdlh izdkj dh arcing ;k open flame ls lko/kkuh j[ksaA Battery cycling ds }kjk cusa vapours dkQh
foLQksVd gksrs gSA Battery ds pkjksa rjQ smoke
Hkh u djsaA
(v) Battery Charging ds le; manufacturer dh instructions
dk ikyu djrs gq, vPNs goknkj area esa batter dks charge djsaA
(vi) ;fn battery
esa electrolyte dk
level de gks rks vkSj electrolyte
add u djsa] dsoy distilled water gh add djsaA
(vii) Battery dh servicing
ds fy, fdlh izdkj dh jewellery ;k ?kM+h u igusaA ;fn battery dk
positive ;k negative terminal ds lkFk accidental contact gks tk,
rks ;g tyus dk dkj.k cu ldrk gSA
(viii) Battery ds
pkjksa vksj tool dHkh u j[ksaA os terminal ds contact esa shorting dk dkj.k cu ldrs gS vkSj foLQksV Hkh dj ldrs gSA
(ix) Battery dh servicing
djrs le; safety glass ;k face shield vo';
igusaA
(x) ;fn battery
dk electrolyte (bysDVªksykbV)
te x;k gS rks dksbZ Hkh battery dh servicing ;k testing djrs le; bls defrost vo';
djsa vkSj defrost gksrs le; leakage dh takp djsaA
Q2. Battery dh inspection
ds fy, fdl&2 eSVhfj;y dh t:jr gksxhA
Ans.
(i) Baking Soda (csfdax
lksMk), Ammonia (veksfu;k) dh cleaning solution
(ii) Stiff bristled (dMs+ ckyksa okys) Cleaning brush.
(iii) Terminal plier, wrench vkSj terminal puller ;k spreader.
(iv) Terminal vkSj connector
scraping vkSj cleaning tools.
(v) Battery carrier ;k lifting strap
(vi) Battery terminals ds fy, protective coating (Jelly ;k spray)
Q3. Name various tests carried out on a
lead acid battery and explain each one of these tests. (ySM
,flM cSVjh ij fd, tkus okys fofHkUu VSLV ds uke crkdj mudk o.kZu djksA)
Ans.
(i) Battery
terminal test (cSVjh VfeZuy VSLV):- cSVjh
VfeZuy VSLV poof electrical connections dh
cSVjh cable vkSj VfeZuy ds chp esa tkap djrs
gSA
(ii) Leakage
Test (yhdst
VSLV):- Battery dh leakage test ds fy, leakage tester dk
iz;ksx djsaA Vent stopper dks open djds ml ij 1lb/sq. inch dk fdlh
hand pump dh lgk;rk ls pressure yxk,aA ;g pressure 15 second esa
0.05 lb sq. inch ls de ugha fxjuk pkfg,A
(iii) Insulation
Test (balqys'ku
;kfu dqpkydrk VSLV):- Battery dks
pkftZax :e ls iz;ksx djus ls igys ;g resistance dh
insulation ds fy, cSVjh VfeZuy vkSj eSVy dsl
ds chp esa 250v insulation test esa
iz;ksx dh tk,A de ls de permissible reading 0.5 meg. Ohm gSA
(iv) Charge State Test:-
a. Specific gravity test (Hydrometer test):
gkbMªksehVj }kjk ge fdlh
Hkh cSVjh dh xzsfoVh dh tkap djds mldh pktZ dh fLFkfr dk irk dj ldrs gSA
|
1.260 – 1.280 |
Fully charged |
|
1.230 – 1.260 |
3/4 charged |
|
1.200 – 1.230 |
Half charged |
|
1.170 – 1.200 |
1/4 charged |
|
1.140 – 1170. |
About run down |
|
1.110 – 1.140 |
Discharged |
blds
vfrfjDr open circuit voltage test, High discharge test, capacity test Hkh fd, tkrs gSA
Fill in the Blanks:-
(i) Battery is the ……………. of the
automotive electrical system. (cSVjh vkWVkseksfVo
bySfDVªdy flLVe dk -------------------- gSA)
(ii) Battery acid is very ……………… Do not
allow to come in contact with……………., eyes or ………….. (cSVjh
,flM cgqr -------------- gS] bls -----------------------] vka[kksa ;k
----------------------- ds lEidZ esa u vkus nsaA)
(iii) When disconnecting battery battery
cables, always disconnect the ……………..cable first. (cSVjh
dscy dks fMLdusDV djrs le;] ges'kk -------------------- dscy dks igys fMLdusDV
djsaA)
(iv) Wear safety ……………. or face ………….. when
servicing the battery. (cSVjh dh lfoZflax djrs le; lqj{kk
----------------vkSj psgjs dk --------------------vo'; igusaA)
(v) Wash the battery terminals and cable
connectors with a ……………solution or ………….. to remove all corrosion. (cSVjh VfeZuy vkSj dscy dusDVj dks ---------------------- feJ.k
ds lkFk /kks,a ;k iwjh dksjkst+u @tax dks gVkus ds fy, ------------------
djsaaA )
(vi) Measuring the state of charge is a
check of the battery’s ……….. and…………… (pktZ dh
fLFkfr dk ekiu cSVjh dh --------------- vkSj ------------------ dh tkap gSA)
(vii) As a battery becomes discharged,
its…………… has a larger percentage of water. (;fn
cSVjh fMLpktZ gks tkrh gS rks blds ------------------- esa ikuh dh izfr'kr ek=k
cgqr vf/kd gks tkrh gSA)
(viii) The open circuit voltage test is used to
determine the battery’s state of …………… . (vksiu
lfdZV oksYVst VSLV dk iz;ksx cSVjh dh --------------------- dh fLFkfr irk yxkus
ds fy, djrs gSA)
(ix) In the capacity test, a
specified………………. Is placed on the battery while the terminal voltage is
observed. (dSisLVj VSLV esa] ,d fuf'pr
--------------------- dks cSVjh ij Mkyk tkrk gS vkSj mlh le; VfeZuy oksYVst
tkap yh tkrh gSA)
(x) Always kep the battery ………….. and
clean and apply ……………… to all metal parks.
Ans. (i) heart (fny) (ii) Corrosive, skin, clothing (dksjksflo] fLdu] DysfFkax) (iii) negative (usxsfVo) (iv) glasses, shield (Xykl]
f'kYM) (v) baking
soda, ammonia (csafdx lksMk] veksfu;k) (vi) electrolye, plates (bysDVªksykbV] IysV) (vii)
electrolyte (bysDVªksykbV) (viii)
charge (pktZ) (ix)
load (yksM) (x)
dry (lw[kk)
Q4. cSVjh
ds dksbZ rhu Fault, muds dkj.k vkSj remedies
crk,aA
Ans.
|
Defects (i)
Overcharging (vksojtkfpZax) (ii) Run down
battery (cSVjh dk [kRe gks tkuk) (iii) Voltage
readings differ on individual cells. |
Causes (i) High
charging voltage High temperative (ii) Faulty
wiring circuit, High self-discharged Defective
plates sulphation ds dkj.k |
Remedies (i) Check generator,
regulator system, Reduce setting of voltage regulator. (ii) load ?kVk,aA Battery dks
idle u j[kk tk,A (iii) Defective
cells dks Hkh [kksyuk pkfg, vkSj cny nsuk pkfg,A |
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